https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12529-8
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Probing atmospheric effects using GRAPES-3 plastic scintillator detectors
1
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, 400005, Mumbai, India
2
Aligarh Muslim University, 202002, Aligarh, India
3
Dibrugarh University, 786004, Dibrugarh, India
4
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, 558-8585, Osaka, Japan
5
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, India
6
Department of Physics, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
7
College of Engineering, Chubu University, 487-8501, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
8
Utkal University, 751004, Bhubaneshwar, India
9
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Nagoya, Japan
10
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Tokyo University, 277-8582, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
Received:
18
September
2023
Accepted:
8
February
2024
Published online:
11
March
2024
The GRAPES-3 extensive air shower (EAS) array has been designed to study cosmic rays from 10
–10
eV. It employs 400 scintillator detectors spread across 25,000 m
, mainly of cone-type and fiber-type, each covering a 1 m area. These detectors record EAS particle densities and arrival times, which are crucial for determining primary particle energy and direction. A decade (2013–2022) of EAS data is analyzed to investigate the dependence of particle densities on ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Notably, ambient temperature exhibits a delayed response, with a more pronounced delay in fiber-type detectors, while cone-type detectors exhibit a higher observed temperature coefficient. In contrast, atmospheric pressure instantly and uniformly affects both detector types, with Monte Carlo simulations backing the observed pressure coefficient. These findings established a reliable pressure coefficient for EAS within this distinctive energy range and contributed to the refinement of correction algorithms, ultimately improving particle density precision for more accurate shower parameter estimates.
© The Author(s) 2024
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Funded by SCOAP3.
