https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12241-z
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Twist decomposition of non-linear effects in Balitsky–Kovchegov evolution of proton structure functions
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
Received:
7
June
2023
Accepted:
6
November
2023
Published online:
20
November
2023
Effects of non-linear small-x evolution of the gluon distribution given by the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation are analyzed within the collinear approximation framework. We perform a twist decomposition of the proton structure functions 
and 
obtained from the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation using the Mellin representation of the scattering cross-sections at high energies. In both the structure functions we find strong corrections coming from the non-linear effects in the gluon evolution at twist 2, and strongly suppressed higher twist effects. This implies that unitarization effects of high energy scattering amplitudes are mostly the leading twist effect. Furthermore we consider the double logarithmic limit of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation for the collinear gluon distribution, and compare the result to the Gribov–Levin–Ryskin equation. We find that these two equations differ by two powers of the hard scale logarithm for the large scales.
© The Author(s) 2023
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