https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12046-0
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Cosmological standard timers from unstable primordial relics
1
Department of Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
2
CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
3
Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
4
Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Received:
18
March
2022
Accepted:
15
September
2023
Published online:
10
October
2023
In this article we study a hypothetical possibility of tracking the evolution of our Universe by introducing a series of the so-called standard timers. Any unstable primordial relics generated in the very early Universe may serve as the standard timers, as they can evolve through the whole cosmological background until their end while their certain time-varying properties could be a possible timer by recording the amount of physical time elapsed since the very early moments. Accordingly, if one could observe these quantities at different redshifts, then a redshift-time relation of the cosmic history can be attained. To illustrate such a hypothetical possibility, we consider the primordial black hole bubbles as a concrete example and analyze the mass function inside a redshifted bubble by investigating the inverse problem of Hawking radiation. To complete the analyses theoretically, the mass distribution can serve as a calibration of the standard timers.
© The Author(s) 2023
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