https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10888-8
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Color confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and catalytic effect induced by monopole and instanton creations
Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Received:
23
March
2022
Accepted:
7
October
2022
Published online:
17
November
2022
Our research reveals the relations among monopoles, color confinement, instantons, and chiral symmetry breaking which experiments can detect, by numerical calculations of lattice gauge theory. We first add a monopole and an anti-monopole varying their magnetic charges to the gauge field configurations in the quenched approximation of quantum chromodynamics, by applying the monopole creation operator and investigate the effects of the added monopoles and anti-monopoles on color confinement. Second, we reveal the quantitative relations among instantons, anti-instantons, and observables using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the overlap Dirac operator, which are calculated using the normal configurations and the configurations with the additional monopoles and anti-monopoles. Finally, we ascertain the outcomes by comparing them with the predictions. We have already discovered the catalytic effect: the decay width of the charged pion becomes wider and its lifetime becomes shorter than the experimental outcomes by increasing the number density of instantons and anti-instantons. However, the outcomes in the previous study were obtained using one lattice volume and lattice spacing. In this research, we improve the previous study using a variety of configurations of different lattice volumes and values of the lattice spacing from low to finite temperatures. The main purposes of this study are to inspect the influences of the finite lattice volume and discretization on the observables and quantitative relations that we have obtained in our previous research and to acquire the interpolated results at the continuum limit.
© The Author(s) 2022
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funded by SCOAP3. SCOAP3 supports the goals of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development.
