Eur. Phys. J. C (2022) 82: 803
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10727-w

Regular Article Theoretical Physics

Monopoles, exotic states and muon $g-2$ in TeV scale trinification

¹ Physics Department, Washington College, 21620, Chestertown, MD, USA
² Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA
³ Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 22901, Charlottesville, VA, USA

^a draut2@washcoll.edu

Received: 3 March 2022
Accepted: 18 August 2022
Published online: 8 September 2022

Abstract

We study the low energy implications of a trinification model based on the gauge symmetry $G=SU{(3)}_c\times SU{(3)}_L\times SU{(3)}_R$, without imposing gauge coupling unification. A minimal model requires two Higgs multiplets that reside in the bi-fundamental representation of G, and this is shown to be adequate for accommodating the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses and generate, via loop corrections and seesaw mechanism, suitable masses for the heavy neutral leptons as well as the observed SM neutrinos. We estimate a lower bound of around 15 TeV for the masses of the new down- type quarks that are required by the $SU{(3)}_L\times SU{(3)}_R$ symmetry. We examine the resonant production at the LHC of the new gauge bosons, which leads to a lower bound of 16 TeV for the symmetry breaking scale of G. We also show how the muon $g-2$ anomaly can be resolved in the presence of these new gauge bosons and the heavy charged leptons present in the model. Finally, the model predicts the presence of a topologically stable monopole carrying three quanta $(6\pi /e)$ of Dirac magnetic charge and mass $\gtrsim 160$ TeV. If new matter fields lying in the fundamental representations of G are included, the model predicts the presence of exotic leptons, mesons and baryons carrying fractional electric charges such as $\pm e/3$ and $\pm 2e/3$, fully compatible with the Dirac quantization condition.