https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09562-2
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Emergent universe in 
dimensions with dynamical wormholes
Department of Physics, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, District:, 734 013, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Received:
1
July
2021
Accepted:
17
August
2021
Published online:
30
August
2021
We present a flat emergent universe (EU) in Einstein gravity with non-linear equation of state (nEoS) in the usual four and in higher dimensions. The EU is assumed to evolve from an initial Einstein’s static universe (ESU) in the infinite past. For a homogeneous Ricci scalar we determine the shape function and obtain a new class of dynamical wormholes that permits EU. The nEoS 
is equivalent to three different cosmic fluids which is identified with barotropic fluid for a given A. We obtain EU models in flat, closed and open universes and tested the null energy condition (NEC). At the throat of the wormhole which is recognized as the seed of ESU, we tested the NEC for a given size of the neck. As the EU evolves from an asymptotic past and approaches 
, it is found that NEC does not respect. This triggers the onset of interactions at 
, and a realistic flat EU scenario can be obtained in four and in higher dimensions. The origin of the ESU at the throat of the wormhole is also explored via a gravitational instanton mechanism. We compare the relative merits of dynamical wormholes for implementing EU.
© The Author(s) 2021
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