https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6667-x
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Emerging 
-anomaly from tree-level determinations of 
and the angle 
1
Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
2
Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 7, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
3
TUM-IAS, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
4
Physik Department, TUM, 85748, Garching, Germany
* e-mail: monika.blanke@kit.edu
Received:
23
December
2018
Accepted:
9
February
2019
Published online:
21
February
2019
We point out that the recently increased value of the angle in the unitarity triangle (UT), determined in tree-level decays to be 
by the LHCb collaboration, combined with the most recent value of implies an enhancement of over the data in the ballpark of 
. This is larger by roughly a factor of two than the enhancement of 
that is independent of . This disparity of enhancements is problematic for models with constrained minimal flavour violation (CMFV) and also for 
models. In view of the prospects of measuring with the precision of 
by Belle II and LHCb in the coming years, we propose to use the angles and 
together with and 
as the fundamental parameters of the CKM matrix until 
from tree-level decays will be known precisely. Displaying 
as functions of clearly demonstrates the tension between the value of from tree-level decays, free from new physics (NP) contributions, and calculated in CMFV and models and thus exhibits the presence of NP contributions to beyond these frameworks. We calculate the values of and 
as functions of and and discuss the implications of our results for 
and rare K and B decays. We also briefly discuss a future strategy in which , possibly affected by NP, is replaced by .
© The Author(s), 2019
