Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Operation of a ferromagnetic axion haloscope at

¹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
² Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Viale dell’Università 2, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
³ Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via Enrico Fermi, 40, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
⁴ Sezione di Padova, INFN, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
⁵ Sezione di Napoli, INFN, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
⁶ Sezione di Pisa, INFN, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK

^* e-mail: nicolo.crescini@phd.unipd.it

Received: 1 June 2018
Accepted: 19 August 2018
Published online: 1 September 2018

Abstract

Axions, originally proposed to solve the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics, emerge now as leading candidates of WISP dark matter. The rich phenomenology associated to the light and stable QCD axion can be described as an effective magnetic field that can be experimentally investigated. For the QUAX experiment, dark matter axions are searched by means of their resonant interactions with electronic spins in a magnetized sample. In principle, axion-induced magnetization changes can be detected by embedding a sample in an rf cavity in a static magnetic field. In this work we describe the operation of a prototype ferromagnetic haloscope, with a sensitivity limited by thermal fluctuations and receiver noise. With a preliminary dark matter search, we are able to set an upper limit on the coupling constant of DFSZ axions to electrons at 95% C.L. for a mass of eV (i. e. 14 GHz). This is the first experimental result with an apparatus exploiting the coupling between cosmological axions and electrons.