https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4887-5
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton–proton collisions at the LHC
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Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 00, France
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High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
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Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
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Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogotá, Colombia
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INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Electrical Circuits Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ), Sao Joao del Rei, Brazil
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Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
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Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
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Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
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Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY, USA
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Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
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INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
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Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
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Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
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Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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Departement de Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
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Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
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Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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ZITI Institut für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
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Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
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University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
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KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan
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Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
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Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
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Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
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Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
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Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
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Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
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National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
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D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Munich, Germany
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Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
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Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
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INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
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Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Departamento de Fisica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Dep Fisica and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
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State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino), NRC KI, Protvino, Russia
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Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
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INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies-Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
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Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
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Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco
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Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; (Also at PKU-CHEP), Shanghai, China
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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FDepartment Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, USA
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Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
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Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
208
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Integrated Research in Fundamental Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
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ICTP, Trieste, Italy
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Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
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Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
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Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France
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CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
* e-mail: atlas.publications@cern.ch
Received:
1
December
2016
Accepted:
5
May
2017
Published online:
19
May
2017
This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy. The measurement of the position and size of the luminous region and its use as a constraint to improve the primary vertex resolution are discussed. A longitudinal vertex position resolution of about
is achieved for events with high multiplicity of reconstructed tracks. The transverse position resolution is better than
and is dominated by the precision on the size of the luminous region. An analytical model is proposed to describe the primary vertex reconstruction efficiency as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing and of the longitudinal size of the luminous region. Agreement between the data and the predictions of this model is better than 3% up to seventy interactions per bunch crossing.
© CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration, 2017