https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3422-9
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Measurement of pion, kaon and proton production in proton–proton collisions at 
TeV
1
A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
2
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
3
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine
4
Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
5
Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
6
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
7
Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
8
Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
9
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
10
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
11
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
12
Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Rome, Italy
13
Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
14
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
15
Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France
16
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
17
Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
18
Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Mons, Norway
19
Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
20
Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
21
Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
22
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
23
Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica del Politecnico, Bari, Italy
24
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ‘La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy
25
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
26
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
27
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
28
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
29
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
30
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padua, Italy
31
Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
32
Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy
33
Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
34
Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
35
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
36
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
37
Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
38
Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Mons, Norway
39
Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
40
Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
41
Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
42
Faculty of Technology, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Vestfold, Norway
43
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
44
Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
45
Department of Physics, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
46
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
47
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
48
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
49
Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
50
Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
51
Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
52
Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
53
Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
54
Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
55
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
56
Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
57
Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
58
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
59
Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
60
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
61
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
62
Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
63
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
64
Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
65
iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
66
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
67
Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
68
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
69
KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
70
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
71
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
72
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy
73
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy
74
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
75
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
76
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
77
National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland
78
National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
79
National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
80
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
81
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
82
Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
83
Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic
84
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
85
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
86
Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
87
Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
88
Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
89
Physics Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
90
Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
91
Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
92
Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
93
Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
94
Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
95
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
96
Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
97
Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
98
Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
99
Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia
100
Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
101
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
102
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
103
Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
104
Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
105
Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
106
Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
107
Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
108
Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
109
Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy
110
Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
111
Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
112
SSC IHEP of NRC Kurchatov institute, Protvino, Russia
113
SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
114
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
115
Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia
116
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
117
Physics Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
118
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
119
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
120
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
121
University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
122
University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
123
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
124
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
125
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
126
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
127
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
128
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
129
Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
130
V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
131
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India
132
Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
133
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
134
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
135
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
136
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
137
Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
138
Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany
139
CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
Received:
2
April
2015
Accepted:
20
April
2015
Published online:
27
May
2015
The measurement of primary 
, 
, 
and 
production at mid-rapidity (
0.5) in proton–proton collisions at 
7 TeV performed with a large ion collider experiment at the large hadron collider (LHC) is reported. Particle identification is performed using the specific ionisation energy-loss and time-of-flight information, the ring-imaging Cherenkov technique and the kink-topology identification of weak decays of charged kaons. Transverse momentum spectra are measured from 0.1 up to 3 GeV/
for pions, from 0.2 up to 6 GeV/ for kaons and from 0.3 up to 6 GeV/ for protons. The measured spectra and particle ratios are compared with quantum chromodynamics-inspired models, tuned to reproduce also the earlier measurements performed at the LHC. Furthermore, the integrated particle yields and ratios as well as the average transverse momenta are compared with results at lower collision energies.
© SIF and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015
