Eur. Phys. J. C (2006) 48: 835-1000
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2006-02631-6

Review

Top quark physics at hadron colliders

¹ Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nußallee 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
² University of Rochester, New York, c/o Fermilab, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL, 60510, USA
³ Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

^* e-mail: aquadt@uni-goettingen.de

Received: 2 May 2006
Published online: 27 November 2006

Abstract

The top quark, discovered at the FERMILAB TEVATRON collider in 1995, is the heaviest known elementary particle. Today, ten years later, still relatively little is known about its properties. The strong and weak interactions of the top quark are not nearly as well studied as those of the other quarks and leptons. The strong interaction is most directly measured in top quark pair production. The weak interaction is measured in top quark decay and single top quark production, which remains thus far unobserved. The large top-quark mass of about 175 GeV/c² suggests that it may play a special role in nature. It behaves differently from all other quarks due to its large mass and its correspondingly short lifetime. The top quark decays before it hadronises, passing its spin information on to its decay products. Therefore, it is possible to measure observables that depend on the top quark spin, providing a unique environment for tests of the Standard Model and for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. This report summarises the latest measurements and studies of top quark properties and rare decays from the TEVATRON in Run II. With more than 1 fb^-1 of luminosity delivered to each experiment, CDF and DO, top quark physics at the TEVATRON is at a turning point from first studies to precision measurements with sensitivity to new physics. An outlook onto top quark physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, planned to begin operation in the year 2007, is also given.