https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15680-6
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Analysis of the hidden-charm pentaquark candidates in the 
mass spectrum via the QCD sum rules
Department of Physics, North China Electric Power University, 071003, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
a
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Received:
13
March
2026
Accepted:
6
April
2026
Published online:
5
May
2026
Abstract
In this work, we distinguish the isospin for the first time and study the diquark–diquark–antiquark type 
pentaquark states with zero isospin via the QCD sum rules systematically. We distinguish contributions of the pentaquark states with negative parity from positive parity unambiguously and obtain clean QCD sum rules for the pentaquark states with negative parity. Then we adopt the modified energy scale formula to choose the optimal energy scales of the QCD spectral densities, and obtain the mass spectrum of the pentaquark states with the quantum numbers 
and 
, 
, 
, which could interpret the 
and 
in the mass spectrum naturally.
© The Author(s) 2026
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Funded by SCOAP3.
