https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15664-6
Regular Article -Theoretical Physics
Particle production, absorption, scattering, and geodesics in a Schwarzschild–Hernquist black hole
1
Center for Theoretical Physics, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, AZ-1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
2
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Caixa Postal 10071, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
3
School of Physics, Damghan University, 3671641167, Damghan, Iran
4
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5008, 58051-970, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
5
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
6
Departamento de Matemática e Física, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65604-380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
a
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Received:
26
February
2026
Accepted:
4
April
2026
Published online:
7
May
2026
Abstract
We investigate quantum and classical signatures of a Schwarzschild black hole embedded in a Hernquist dark matter halo. Starting from the exact spherically symmetric solution describing this composite system, we analyze particle production for both bosonic and fermionic fields using semiclassical techniques. Hawking radiation is derived through Bogoliubov transformations and independently via the tunneling method with energy conservation, allowing us to identify the effective temperature, emission spectrum, and the role of dark matter parameters in suppressing particle creation. The evaporation process is examined in the high-frequency regime, leading to modified evaporation times and emission rates relative to the vacuum Schwarzschild case. We further study absorption and scattering of massless scalar waves employing a partial-wave analysis, computing phase shifts, partial and total cross sections, and assessing the impact of the Hernquist scale radius and density on these observables. Finally, null and timelike geodesics are explored to characterize light propagation and particle motion in the presence of the dark matter halo.
© The Author(s) 2026
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