Eur. Phys. J. C (2026) 86: 331
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14997-y

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Combined effective field theory interpretation of Higgs boson, electroweak vector boson, top quark, and multijet measurements

¹ Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
² Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria
³ Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
⁴ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
⁵ Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
⁶ Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
⁷ Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
⁸ Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁹ Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁰ Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹ Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹² University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹³ Instituto De Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7 D, Arica, Chile
¹⁴ Beihang University, Beijing, China
¹⁵ Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
¹⁶ Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
¹⁷ State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁸ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
¹⁹ Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
²⁰ University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
²¹ Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
²² Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University, Shanghai, China
²³ Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
²⁴ Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
²⁵ Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
²⁶ Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
²⁷ University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
²⁸ Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
²⁹ University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
³⁰ Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
³¹ Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
³² Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
³³ Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
³⁴ Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
³⁵ National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
³⁶ Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁷ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
³⁸ Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
³⁹ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴⁰ Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
⁴¹ CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
⁴² Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
⁴³ Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I ), Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁴ Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴⁵ RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁶ RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁷ RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁸ Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
⁴⁹ University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
⁵⁰ Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁵¹ Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
⁵² National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵³ National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁴ University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
⁵⁵ HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁶ MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁷ Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁸ HUN-REN ATOMKI-Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁹ Karoly Robert Campus, MATE Institute of Technology, Gyongyos, Hungary
⁶⁰ Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁶¹ University of Delhi, Delhi, India
⁶² Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
⁶³ Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
⁶⁴ Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
⁶⁵ Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
⁶⁶ Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
⁶⁷ National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
⁶⁸ Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
⁶⁹ Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
⁷⁰ Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
⁷¹ University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
⁷² INFN Sezione di Bari, Università di Bari, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
⁷³ INFN Sezione di Bologna, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
⁷⁴ INFN Sezione di Catania, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
⁷⁵ INFN Sezione di Firenze, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
⁷⁶ INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
⁷⁷ INFN Sezione di Genova, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
⁷⁸ INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
⁷⁹ INFN Sezione di Napoli, Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Napoli, Italy; Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Naples, Italy
⁸⁰ INFN Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy; Università di Trento, Trento, Italy
⁸¹ INFN Sezione di Pavia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
⁸² INFN Sezione di Perugia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
⁸³ INFN Sezione di Pisa, Università di Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
⁸⁴ INFN Sezione di Roma, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
⁸⁵ INFN Sezione di Torino, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy; Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
⁸⁶ INFN Sezione di Trieste, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁸⁷ Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
⁸⁸ Department of Mathematics and Physics-GWNU, Gangneung, Korea
⁸⁹ Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
⁹⁰ Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
⁹¹ Korea University, Seoul, Korea
⁹² Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
⁹³ Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁴ Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁵ University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁶ Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁷ Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
⁹⁸ College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Dasman, Kuwait
⁹⁹ Kuwait University-College of Science-Department of Physics, Safat, Kuwait
¹⁰⁰ Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
¹⁰¹ University of Latvia (LU), Riga, Latvia
¹⁰² Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
¹⁰³ National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
¹⁰⁴ Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
¹⁰⁵ Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁶ Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁷ Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
¹⁰⁸ University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
¹⁰⁹ University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹¹⁰ National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹¹¹ AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland
¹¹² National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
¹¹³ Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁴ Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁵ Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisbon, Portugal
¹¹⁶ Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁷ VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁸ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
¹¹⁹ Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹²⁰ Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
¹²¹ Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
¹²² University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
¹²³ Department of Physics, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
¹²⁴ CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
¹²⁵ PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland
¹²⁶ ETH Zurich-Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁷ Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁸ National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
¹²⁹ National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
¹³⁰ High Energy Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
¹³¹ Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
¹³² Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
¹³³ Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
¹³⁴ Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁵ Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁶ Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁷ Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁸ Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹³⁹ National Science Centre, Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹⁴⁰ University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
¹⁴¹ Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
¹⁴² Imperial College, London, UK
¹⁴³ Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
¹⁴⁴ Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
¹⁴⁵ Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
¹⁴⁶ The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
¹⁴⁷ Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
¹⁴⁸ Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
¹⁴⁹ University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
¹⁵⁰ University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
¹⁵¹ University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
¹⁵² University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
¹⁵³ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
¹⁵⁴ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
¹⁵⁵ Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
¹⁵⁶ University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
¹⁵⁷ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
¹⁵⁸ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA
¹⁵⁹ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
¹⁶⁰ Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
¹⁶¹ Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
¹⁶² University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
¹⁶³ The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
¹⁶⁴ Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
¹⁶⁵ The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
¹⁶⁶ Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
¹⁶⁷ University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
¹⁶⁸ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
¹⁶⁹ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
¹⁷⁰ University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
¹⁷¹ State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
¹⁷² Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
¹⁷³ Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
¹⁷⁴ University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
¹⁷⁵ The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
¹⁷⁶ Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
¹⁷⁷ University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, USA
¹⁷⁸ Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
¹⁷⁹ Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN, USA
¹⁸⁰ Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
¹⁸¹ University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
¹⁸² Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
¹⁸³ University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
¹⁸⁴ Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
¹⁸⁵ Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
¹⁸⁶ Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
¹⁸⁷ University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
¹⁸⁸ Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
¹⁸⁹ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
¹⁹⁰ Authors Affiliated with an International Laboratory Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
¹⁹¹ Authors Affiliated with an Institute Formerly Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
¹⁹² Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
¹⁹³ TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
¹⁹⁴ Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
¹⁹⁵ Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁹⁶ FACAMP-Faculdades de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
¹⁹⁷ Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
¹⁹⁸ Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
¹⁹⁹ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
²⁰⁰ China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing, China
²⁰¹ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
²⁰² China Spallation Neutron Source, Guangdong, China
²⁰³ Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
²⁰⁴ University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
²⁰⁵ The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
²⁰⁶ Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
²⁰⁷ Zewail City of Science and Technology, Zewail, Egypt
²⁰⁸ British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
²⁰⁹ Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
²¹⁰ Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
²¹¹ Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
²¹² Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
²¹³ an Institute Formerly Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
²¹⁴ The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
²¹⁵ University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
²¹⁶ RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
²¹⁷ Bergische University Wuppertal (BUW), Wuppertal, Germany
²¹⁸ Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
²¹⁹ Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany
²²⁰ CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
²²¹ HUN-REN ATOMKI-Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
²²² Universitatea Babes-Bolyai-Facultatea de Fizica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
²²³ MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
²²⁴ HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
²²⁵ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
²²⁶ Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
²²⁷ University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
²²⁸ Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India
²²⁹ Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
²³⁰ UPES-University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
²³¹ IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
²³² Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
²³³ University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
²³⁴ Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
²³⁵ Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
²³⁶ Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
²³⁷ Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran
²³⁸ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, ARAK, Iran
²³⁹ Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Bologna, Italy
²⁴⁰ Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy
²⁴¹ Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy
²⁴² Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Naples, Italy
²⁴³ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA
²⁴⁴ Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
²⁴⁵ Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy
²⁴⁶ Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I ), Villeurbanne, France
²⁴⁷ Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
²⁴⁸ Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
²⁴⁹ INFN Sezione di Torino, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy; Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
²⁵⁰ Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka
²⁵¹ Saegis Campus, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
²⁵² National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
²⁵³ Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
²⁵⁴ Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
²⁵⁵ Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria
²⁵⁶ Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
²⁵⁷ Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Mersin, Turkey
²⁵⁸ Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
²⁵⁹ Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey
²⁶⁰ Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
²⁶¹ Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey
²⁶² Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
²⁶³ Milli Savunma University, Istanbul, Turkey
²⁶⁴ Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
²⁶⁵ Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
²⁶⁶ Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
²⁶⁷ Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
²⁶⁸ Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
²⁶⁹ Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
²⁷⁰ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
²⁷¹ Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
²⁷² Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
²⁷³ Bethel University, St. Paul, MN, USA
²⁷⁴ Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
²⁷⁵ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
²⁷⁶ United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA
²⁷⁷ Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
²⁷⁸ Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
²⁷⁹ Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
²⁸⁰ Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
²⁸¹ Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
²⁸² Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania
²⁸³ Another Institute Formerly Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
²⁸⁴ Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
²⁸⁵ Another Institute Formerly Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
²⁸⁶ Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
²⁸⁷ Imperial College, London, UK
²⁸⁸ Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
²⁸⁹ CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland

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Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
Published online: 2 April 2026

Abstract

Constraints on Wilson coefficients (WCs) corresponding to dimension-6 operators of the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) are determined from a simultaneous fit to seven sets of CMS measurements probing Higgs boson, electroweak vector boson, top quark, and multijet production. Measurements of electroweak precision observables are also included and provide complementary constraints to those from the CMS experiment. The CMS measurements, using LHC proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{Te}$, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 36.3 or 138${\text{fb}}^{-1}$, are chosen to provide sensitivity to a broad set of operators, for which consistent SMEFT predictions can be derived. These are primarily measurements of differential cross sections which are parameterized as functions of the WCs. In measurements targeting $\text{t}(\overline{\text{t}})\text{X}$ production, SMEFT effects are modelled at the detector level. Individual constraints on 64 WCs, and constraints on 43 linear combinations of WCs, are obtained.