https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15511-8
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Constraints on multi-fluid cosmology in f(G) gravity with different observational data sets
1
Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Nagpur Campus, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), 440008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2
Rwanda Astrophysics Space and Climate Science Research Group, University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology, Kigali, Rwanda
3
Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
4
Department of Basic Sciences, General Administration of Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
a
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Received:
15
August
2025
Accepted:
1
March
2026
Published online:
23
March
2026
Abstract
In the present work, we incorporate redshift space distortion measurement to investigate the growth of large scale structure within the framework of multi-fluid cosmology in the context of f(G) gravity. Using 3 different f(G) gravity models, where f(G) is the function of Gauss–Bonnet invariant, we compare the predictions of f(G) gravity expansion history—through the Friedmann equation with Hubble data, BAO data sets and constrain models parameters such as 
and 
. Within the context of multi-fluid cosmology in f(G) gravity, we obtain the structure growth equation. This equation is then combined with 
to get 
predictions—which is compared with redshift space distortion data to constrain models parameters to obtain best-fit values including . This involves performing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis for these specific forms of f(G) models. we also perform a statistical analysis incorporating the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), to assess the goodess-of-fit of the considered models.
© The Author(s) 2026
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Funded by SCOAP3.
