https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15329-4
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Charged penrose mechanism in regular Schwarzschild–AdS black holes: rigorous energy-extraction bounds and evaporation scenarios
1
Centre for Cosmology, Astrophysics and Space Science (CCASS), GLA University, 281406, Mathura, UP, India
2
Department of Physics, Mari.C. Islamic Azad University, Marivan, Iran
3
Department of General Studies (Mathematics), Jubail Industrial College, 31961, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Physics, Bou.C. Islamic Azad University, Boukan, Iran
a
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Received:
1
November
2025
Accepted:
14
January
2026
Published online:
12
February
2026
Abstract
We present a quantum inspired and analytically robust framework for charged test particle dynamics and charge assisted energy extraction in a regular Schwarzschild–Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime obtained by Gaussian noncommutative smearing of the mass. We demonstrate the existence of negative energy states for electrically charged particles and show that the associated generalized ergosphere is unique and forms a thin shell outside the horizon. An effective potential analysis proves that every negative energy trajectory has a single turning point and is inevitably captured, extending the classical picture known for Kerr and Reissner–Nordström to the regular AdS setting. We derive closed local bounds on the extractable energy in a charged Penrose decay and provide a conservative escape criterion for detectors at finite radius in AdS. Two linear time dependent evaporation scenarios, with and without mass accretion, are introduced; by tracking the apparent horizon and the generalized ergosphere we obtain feasibility maps across 
. The results rely only on spherical symmetry, a regular Schwarzschild–AdS lapse, and a monotone electrostatic potential, making them broadly applicable and directly connected to observables such as shadow size, gravitational lensing, and quasinormal modes.
© The Author(s) 2026
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