https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15320-z
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
The Lee–Wick–Chern–Simons pseudo-quantum electrodynamics
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465-07, 23890-971, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Received:
13
October
2025
Accepted:
11
January
2026
Published online:
28
January
2026
Abstract
The Lee–Wick pseudo-quantum electrodynamics in the presence of a Chern–Simons term is studied in this paper. The paper starts with a non-local lagrangian density that sets the pseudo-Lee–Wick electrodynamics defined on a 
space-time added to a non-local Chern–Simons topological term. Thus, we obtain the Lee–Wick–Chern–Simons pseudo-electrodynamics as a most complete gauge invariant model that provides a light mass associated with the Chern–Simons parameter, and also includes a Lee–Wick heavy mass. We investigate classical aspects as the potential energy for the interaction of static charges through the gauge propagator. The causality of theory is discussed through the retarded Green function in the coordinate space. The gauge field of the Lee–Wick–Chern–Simons pseudo-electrodynamics is minimally coupled to the fermions sector that includes new degree of freedoms, as a Lee–Wick heavy fermion partner of the electron. The perturbative approach for the theory is presented via effective action in which we obtain the Ward identities. We study the quantum corrections at one loop, as the electron self-energy, the vacuum polarization, and the 3-vertex. We show that the Lee–Wick mass has a fundamental role in these results, where it works like a natural regulator of the ultraviolet divergences. The 
factor for the electron is obtained as function of the LW mass, and of the CS parameter. Through the optical theorem, the Lee–Wick–Chern–Simons pseudo-electrodynamics is unitary at the tree level.
© The Author(s) 2026
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