Eur. Phys. J. C (2026) 86: 31
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15239-x

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Optics in spiral dislocation spacetime: torsion as a geometric waveguide and frequency-filtering mechanism

¹ Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, Hakkari University, 30000, Hakkari, Turkey
² Department of Physics, Eastern Mediterranean University, G. Magusa, North Cyprus, 99628, Mersin 10, Turkey
³ Department of Basic Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey
⁴ Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Optica and Laboratory for Disruptive Interdisciplinary Science (LaDIS), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
⁵ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czechia
⁶ Department of Physics and Electronics, Khazar University, 41 Mahsati Str, AZ1096, Baku, Azerbaijan

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Received: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 20 December 2025
Published online: 17 January 2026

Abstract

We present an exact analytical study of null trajectories and scalar wave propagation in a $(2+1)$-dimensional spacetime containing a spiral dislocation, a topological defect characterized by torsion in the absence of curvature. For null rays, the torsion parameter $\beta$ modifies the affine structure, enforcing a finite turning radius $r_{min}=\sqrt{b^2-{\beta }^2}$, and inducing a torsion-mediated angular deflection that decreases monotonically with increasing $\beta$. The photon trajectory departs from the curvature-induced lensing paradigm, exhibiting instead a purely topological exclusion zone around the defect core. Moreover, the results can, in principle, be mapped onto laboratory frames and conditions. In the wave regime, we recast the Helmholtz equation into a Schrödinger-like form and extract a spatially and spectrally dependent refractive index $n^2(r,k)$. This index approaches unity asymptotically at large distances but diverges strongly and negatively near the dislocation core due to torsion-induced geometric contributions. The resulting refractive index profile governs the transition from propagating to evanescent wave behavior, with low-frequency modes undergoing pronounced localization and suppression. Our findings demonstrate that torsion alone, even in the absence of curvature, can act as a geometric regulator of both classical and quantum propagation, inducing effective anisotropy, frequency filtering, and confinement. This framework provides a rare exact realization of light-matter interaction in a torsion-dominated background, with potential applications in analog gravity systems and photonic metamaterials designed to emulate non-Riemannian geometries.