https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15182-x
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Herwig 7 with the Lund string model: tuning and comparative hadronization studies
1
Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
2
Jagiellonian University, ul. prof. Stanislawa Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
3
Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
a
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Received:
18
September
2025
Accepted:
5
December
2025
Published online:
4
January
2026
Abstract
The modelling of the formation of colour-singlet hadrons from coloured partons, known as Hadronization, is crucial for generating realistic events in Monte Carlo Event Generators. Due to limited understanding of the non-perturbative regime, physically motivated phenomenological hadronization models with tunable parameters are used and later tuned to the experimental data. Modern Monte Carlo generators primarily employ one of two hadronization models: the Lund string model, which is the default in Pythia, and the cluster model, which is the default in Herwig and Sherpa . In this work, we combine the Lund string hadronization model, as implemented in Pythia 8, with Herwig 7 using TheP8I interface. We tune the string model with Herwig 7’s Angular Ordered Parton Shower (AOPS) to lepton and hadron collision data, resulting in the Les Houches Tune (LH Tune), which shows good performance across a wide range of observables. The LH Tune will be included in the Herwig 7.4 release. (It can also be used with Herwig 7.3, provided that the relevant patch is applied to the herwig-bootstrap installation script which can be provided by the authors.) This development enables a direct comparative study of the two hadronization models within Herwig , both interfaced with the Angular Ordered Parton Shower, which serves as the main motivation behind this work.
© The Author(s) 2026
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Funded by SCOAP3.
