https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15202-w
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Anisotropic stellar structure and maximum mass in curvature-matter coupled gravity using embedding class one approach
1
Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
2
Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, AZ1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
3
Department of Mathematics, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, India
a
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b
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Received:
7
November
2025
Accepted:
7
December
2025
Published online:
24
December
2025
Abstract
Inspired by the class one solution of Bhar et al. (Eur Phys J C 77:596, 2017) containing a hypergeometric function, we construct a new exact solution satisfying the Karmarkar condition in 
-gravity theory. The solution maintains finite metric potentials, density, and pressures, yielding a nonsingular and well-behaved stellar structure. Equilibrium and stability are verified using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, cracking approach, Harrison–Zeldovich condition, and the adiabatic index criterion 
. Central density and pressure values (
and 
) confirm physical plausibility. Mass-radius analysis for high-mass pulsars including PSR J0740+6620, PSR J1810+1744, PSR J1748−2446ao, PSR J2215+5135, and GW190814 matches NICER and gravitational-wave constraints, establishing the anisotropic compact star model as stable, realistic, and observationally consistent whose radii lie within the range of 10.5
11.8 km.
© The Author(s) 2025
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Funded by SCOAP3.
