https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15133-6
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Novel topological subclass in Hor̆ava–Lifshitz black holes
1
School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal University, 563006, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
2
Guizhou University of Commerce, College of Computer and Information Engineering, 550014, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
3
Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Optica and Laboratory for Disruptive Interdisciplinary Science (LaDIS), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
4
Department of Physics, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czechia
5
Department of Physics and Electronics, Khazar University, 41 Mahsati Str, 1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
6
College of Physics, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
a
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Received:
11
November
2025
Accepted:
27
November
2025
Published online:
5
December
2025
Abstract
This work explores the universal classification of thermodynamic topology for charged static black holes within the 
Hor̆ava-Lifshitz gravity theory, considering both canonical and grand canonical ensembles. We introduce a new topological subclass, denoted as 
. This finding expands the existing topological classification, going beyond the five previously defined classes and their respective subclasses. The subclass presents a distinct and previously unobserved stability profile: In the low-temperature regime, an unstable small black hole appears in the phase space, whereas, while in the high temperature regime, two unstable small black holes exist together with a stable large black hole. Our study underscores the dependence of charged black hole stability on the selection of the ensemble. These results contribute to refining and expanding the topological framework in black hole thermodynamics, providing key perspectives on the underlying nature of black holes and gravity.
© The Author(s) 2025
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