https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15028-6
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Universal topological classes of black holes surrounded by quintessence
1
College of Big Date and Intelligent Engineering, Guizhou University of Commerce, 550014, Guiyang, China
2
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 100083, Beijing, China
3
School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal University, 563006, Zunyi, China
4
Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Optica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
5
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czechia
6
Department of Physics and Electronics, Khazar University, 41 Mahsati Str, AZ1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
7
College of Physics, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
a
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Received:
18
July
2025
Accepted:
31
October
2025
Published online:
18
November
2025
Abstract
This work explores the universal topological classes of various black hole configurations immersed in a quintessence field. The results indicate that the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence is of the 
type, exhibiting thermodynamic instability in both extremal temperature limits. The introduction of rotation alters its topological nature to the 
class, where the Kerr black hole displays coexistence of a stable small black hole and an unstable large black hole at low temperatures. In comparison, anti de Sitter (adS) black holes display different thermodynamic topologies. The Schwarzschild–adS solution corresponds to the 
class, where an unstable small branch and a stable large branch emerge in the high temperatures. Meanwhile, the Kerr–adS classified as 
maintains stability in both high- and low-temperature limits. Furthermore, the 4D/5D quintessential black hole belongs to the class within the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet framework. Overall, parameters such as rotation and Gauss–Bonnet in quintessence background field affect the topological classifications of the black holes, while the quintessence field primarily modifies the stability range without changing the topological class itself.
© The Author(s) 2025
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