Eur. Phys. J. C (2025) 85: 1271
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15026-8

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Mass spectra of doubly heavy baryons in the relativized quark model with heavy-quark dominance

¹ School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, 550018, Guiyang, China
² Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, 071003, Baoding, China
³ China Institute of Atomic Energy, 102413, Beijing, China
⁴ Guangxi Key Lab of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, 541006, Guilin, China

^a zhenyvli@163.com

Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
Published online: 9 November 2025

Abstract

In the framework of the relativized quark model, the mass spectra of the doubly heavy baryons are rigorously calculated in the three-quark system under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism, by using the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions. With the obtained mass spectra of all doubly heavy baryon families, the contribution of each Hamiltonian term to the energy levels is analyzed. It is found that the spin splitting is mainly determined by the spin-dependent interactions associated with the light quark. Moreover, it is shown that the spin splitting evolves regularly with the mass of heavy quarks by the evolution of the spectral structure, which is consistent with the heavy quark symmetry. Meanwhile, the orbital excitation is dominated by the $\rho$-mode, which is different from that of the singly heavy baryons. At last, our analysis indicates that the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{\mathit{cc}}^{+}(3520)$ state should not exist truly and the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{\mathit{cc}}^{++}(3621)$ should be the true ground state with $J^P$ = ${\frac{1}{2}}^{+}$. It is recommended to design the corresponding experiments to search for the $\mathrm{\Xi }_{\mathit{cc}}^{\ast }$ in the energy range from 3694 to 3714 MeV.