https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14961-w
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Reversing quantum resource hierarchy: non-maximal multipartite entanglement in dilaton spacetime
1
Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, 553004, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China
2
Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
3
Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, 116029, Dalian, China
a
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Received:
3
September
2025
Accepted:
13
October
2025
Published online:
27
October
2025
It is commonly assumed that a maximally multipartite entangled state carries greater quantum resources than a non-maximally multipartite entangled state in the relativistic framework. In this work, we analyze genuine N-partite entanglement of fermionic modes near the event horizon of the Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) black hole, quantified by concurrence. Remarkably, our results reveal that in dilaton spacetime the genuine multipartite entanglement of a maximally entangled state is actually smaller than that of a non-maximally entangled state. From the perspective of quantum resources, this implies that a non-maximally entangled state may outperform a maximally entangled one in the GHS black hole background, in clear contrast to previous expectations. Furthermore, given the experimental challenges in preparing a maximally entangled state and the relative feasibility of preparing a non-maximally entangled state, our findings suggest that employing a suitably chosen non-maximally entangled state as the initial resource in curved spacetime provides a more practical and advantageous strategy for quantum information tasks.
© The Author(s) 2025
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funded by SCOAP3.
