https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14930-3
Letter
Quantum mechanics from general relativity and the quantum Friedmann equation
1
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
2
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
3
Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, 4811186, Temuco, Chile
Received:
31
August
2025
Accepted:
10
October
2025
Published online:
26
October
2025
We demonstrate that the recently introduced linear equation, reformulating the first Friedmann equation, is the first-order WKB expansion of a quantum cosmological equation. This result shows a deeper underlying connection between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, pointing towards a unified framework. Solutions of this equation are built in terms of a scale factor encapsulating quantum effects on a free-falling particle. The quantum scale factor reshapes cosmic dynamics, resolving singularities at its vanishing points in several cases of interest. As an explicit example, we consider the radiation-dominated era and show that the quantum equation is dual to the one in Seiberg–Witten formulation, recently applied to black holes, and incorporates resurgence phenomena and complex metrics, as developed by Kontsevich, Segal, and Witten. This links to the invariance of time parametrization under 
transformations of the dual wave function.
© The Author(s) 2025
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