https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14909-0
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Thermodynamics and Joule–Thomson expansion of Schwarzschild-AdS black holes with a cloud of strings and quintessential-like fluid
1
Department of Physics, The Assam Royal Global University, 781035, Guwahati, Assam, India
2
School of Physics, Damghan University, P. O. Box 3671641167, Damghan, Iran
3
Center for Theoretical Physics, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, AZ1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
4
Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Physics, Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, 12001, Tebessa, Algeria
a
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Received:
27
August
2025
Accepted:
4
October
2025
Published online:
14
October
2025
Abstract
In this study, we explore the thermodynamic properties of a Schwarzschild black hole (BH) embedded in an anti-de Sitter (AdS) background, which is further coupled with a cloud of strings and surrounded by a quintessence-like fluid. Beginning with the formulation of BH mass in terms of the event horizon radius, we incorporate the concept of pressure as related to the AdS curvature radius within the framework of extended phase space thermodynamics. Using this setup, we derive key thermodynamic quantities, including the Gibbs free energy and internal energy, to characterize the energetic behavior of the BH system. To assess the stability of the BH, we compute the specific heat capacity and analyze how it is influenced by external parameters, such as the string cloud and the quintessence-like fluid. These geometric and matter fields are shown to significantly modify the thermal response of the BH. Furthermore, we examine the inversion temperature associated with the BH and highlight its distinction from the standard Hawking temperature, providing deeper insight into the phase structure. Additionally, we investigate the Joule-Thomson expansion process and demonstrate how the aforementioned parameters affect this thermodynamic phenomenon, showing important aspects of BH cooling and heating behavior in an extended thermodynamic context.
© The Author(s) 2025
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Funded by SCOAP3.
