https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14849-9
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Multi-messenger and cosmological constraints on dark matter through two-fluid neutron star modeling
1
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Kochi University, 780-8520, Kochi, Japan
2
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1 Lisuo Road, Pudong New Area, 201210, Shanghai, China
3
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
4
RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), RIKEN, 351-0198, Wako, Japan
5
Theoretical Astrophysics, IAAT, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
a ankitlatiyan25@gmail.com, ankit.k@iopb.res.in
Received:
4
May
2025
Accepted:
23
September
2025
Published online:
8
October
2025
In this study, we investigate the impact of dark matter (DM) on neutron stars (NSs) using a two-fluid formalism that treats nuclear matter (NM) and DM as gravitationally coupled components. Employing NM equations of state spanning a wide range of stiffness and a self-interacting asymmetric fermionic DM framework, we explore the emergence of DM core- and halo-dominated structures and their observational implications. Constraints from gravitational waves (GW170817), NICER X-ray measurements (PSR J0030+0451), and pulsar mass limits (PSR J0740+6620) delineate a consistent parameter space for DM properties derived from these multi-messenger observations. DM halo-dominated configurations, while consistent with PSR J0740+6620’s mass limits and NICER’s radius measurements for PSR J0030+0451, are ruled out by the tidal deformability bounds inferred from the GW170817 event. Consequently, the combined limits inferred from the observational data of GW170817, PSR J0030+0451, and PSR J0740+6620 support the plausibility of DM core-dominated configurations. Constraints on the DM self-interaction strength from galaxy cluster dynamics further refine the DM parameter space permitted by NS observations. This work bridges multi-messenger astrophysics and cosmology, providing insights into DM interactions and their implications for NS structure, evolution, and observational signatures.
© The Author(s) 2025
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Funded by SCOAP3.
