https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14717-6
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Observational constraints and cosmological evolution in Finsler Barthel–Kropina space-time
1
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Mathematics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P., India
a
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Received:
3
May
2025
Accepted:
30
August
2025
Published online:
17
September
2025
Abstract
Finslerian gravity provides a compelling extension to standard cosmology by allowing for direction-dependent effects in the structure of space-time. In this study we analyze the cosmological evolution of a modified FLRW universe with an anisotropic parameter modeled with a linear redshift dependence within the Barthel–Kropina Finsler framework. We consider two models for dark energy: Model-1, which assumes a constant dark energy equation of state parameter (
) and Model-2, which adopts a redshift-evolving CPL form 
. Using observational data from cosmic chronometers (CC), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and Pantheon + Supernovae we perform parameter estimation with Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques and analyze cosmographic quantities. Our analysis of the deceleration parameter confirms the presence of late-time cosmic acceleration, consistent with observations. Both Finslerian models yield statistical fits to the data that are comparable to those of the standard 
CDM cosmology. Model-1 yields statistical results comparable to those of CDM in both AIC and BIC analyses. Model-2, with its evolving dark energy equation of state allows for a more flexible description of late-time cosmic acceleration. Under current observational constraints both models describes the late-time anisotropy and offer a framework to explore deviations from cosmic isotropy beyond the standard cosmological constant scenario.
© The Author(s) 2025
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funded by SCOAP3.
