https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14586-z
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Flipped rotating axion non-minimally coupled to gravity: baryogenesis and dark matter
1
School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100, Zhenjiang, China
2
Particle Theory and Cosmology Group, Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 34126, Daejeon, Korea
3
Consortium for Fundamental Physics, Physics Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB, Lancaster, UK
4
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
a
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Received:
2
June
2025
Accepted:
27
July
2025
Published online:
24
August
2025
We demonstrate that the co-genesis of baryon asymmetry and dark matter can be achieved through the rotation of an axion-like particle (but not the QCD axion), driven by a flip in the vacuum manifold’s direction at the end of inflation. This can occur if the axion has a periodic non-minimal coupling to gravity, while preserving the discrete shift symmetry. In non-oscillating inflation models, after inflation there is typically a period of kination (with 
). In this case, it is shown that the vacuum manifold of the axion is flipped and the axion begins rotating in field space, because it can slide across the decreasing potential barrier as in Ricci reheating. Such a rotating axion can generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through spontaneous baryogenesis, while at later epochs it can oscillate as dark matter. The period of kination makes the primordial gravitational waves (GW) generated during inflation sharply blue-tilted which constrains the parameter space due to GW overproduction, while being testable by next generation CMB experiments. As a concrete example, we show that such a cogenesis of baryon asymmetry and dark matter can be realized for the axion as the Majoron in the Type-I seesaw setup, predicting mass ranges for the Majoron below sub eVs, with right-handed neutrino mass above 
GeV. We also show that in order to avoid fragmentation of the axion condensate during the rotation, we require the non-minimal coupling 
or somewhat larger, where f is the axion decay constant.
© The Author(s) 2025
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