https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10101-w
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Measurement of the energy asymmetry in 
production at 
TeV with the ATLAS experiment and interpretation in the SMEFT framework
1
Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
2
Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
3
Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
4
Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
5
Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
6
LAPP, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France
7
High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
8
Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
9
Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
10
Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
11
Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
12
Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
13
Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
14
Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
15
Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
20
Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China
22
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
23
Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
24
Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
25
Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
26
Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
27
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
28
Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
29
Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
30
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia A. Righi, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
31
INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
32
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
33
Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
34
Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
35
Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
36
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
37
Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
38
Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
39
University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
40
West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
41
Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
44
Departamento de Física (FCEN) and IFIBA, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
46
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
47
Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
48
iThemba Labs, Western Cape, South Africa
49
Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
51
University of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria, South Africa
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School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
54
Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
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Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA, Marrakech, Morocco
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LPMR, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
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Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
60
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY, USA
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Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
65
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
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INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
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Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
69
National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
70
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
71
Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
72
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
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Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
75
Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
76
SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
77
INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
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Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
79
II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
83
II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
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Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
88
Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), SKLPPC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
90
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China
91
Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
92
Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
93
Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
94
Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
95
Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
96
Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
97
IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay, France
98
Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
99
INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
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ICTP, Trieste, Italy
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Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
102
INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
103
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
105
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
107
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
108
INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
109
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
110
INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
111
Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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INFN-TIFPA, Povo, Italy
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Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
120
Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
121
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
122
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
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Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
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Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan
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Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
137
Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
139
School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
140
Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
141
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
142
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
143
Fysiska Institutionen, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
144
Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
146
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
147
CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
148
Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
149
Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
150
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
151
Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
152
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
153
B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
154
Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus
155
Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
156
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
157
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
158
D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
159
Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
160
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Munich, Germany
161
Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
162
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
163
Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
164
Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
165
Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
166
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
167
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
168
Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Russia
169
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
170
New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
171
United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
172
University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
173
Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
174
Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
175
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
176
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
177
Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
178
Palacký University, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc, Czech Republic
179
Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
180
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
181
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
182
Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
183
LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
184
Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
185
Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, St. Petersburg, Russia
186
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
187
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
188
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
189
Departamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
190
Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
191
Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
192
Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
193
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
194
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
195
Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
196
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
197
Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
198
IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
199
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
200
Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
201
Universidad de la Serena, La Serena, Chile
202
Universidad Andres Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago, Chile
203
Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
204
Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
205
Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, Brazil
206
Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
207
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
208
Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
209
Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
210
Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
211
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, USA
212
Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
213
Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
214
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
215
School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
216
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
217
E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
218
High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
219
Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
220
Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
221
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
222
International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
223
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
224
Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
225
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
226
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
227
Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
228
Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
229
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
230
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
231
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
232
Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
233
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
234
Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
235
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
236
Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
237
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
238
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
239
Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
240
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
241
Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
242
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
243
Associated at Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
244
Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
245
Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
246
Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, China
247
Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
248
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
249
Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
250
Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
251
Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece
252
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
253
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
254
Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
255
Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay, USA
256
Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, USA
257
Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, USA
258
Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, UK
259
Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
260
Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
261
Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
262
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
263
Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
264
Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
265
Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
266
Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
267
Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Victoria, Canada
268
Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
269
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
270
Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
271
Department of Physics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
272
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
273
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia
274
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
275
Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
276
The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
277
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
278
Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy
279
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
280
Physics Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
281
CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
d
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Received:
12
October
2021
Accepted:
5
February
2022
Published online:
28
April
2022
A measurement of the energy asymmetry in jet-associated top-quark pair production is presented using 
of data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during pp collisions at 
. The observable measures the different probability of top and antitop quarks to have the higher energy as a function of the jet scattering angle with respect to the beam axis. The energy asymmetry is measured in the semileptonic 
decay channel, and the hadronically decaying top quark must have transverse momentum above 
. The results are corrected for detector effects to particle level in three bins of the scattering angle of the associated jet. The measurement agrees with the SM prediction at next-to-leading-order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics in all three bins. In the bin with the largest expected asymmetry, where the jet is emitted perpendicular to the beam, the energy asymmetry is measured to be 
, in agreement with the SM prediction of 
. Interpreting this result in the framework of the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), it is shown that the energy asymmetry is sensitive to the top-quark chirality in four-quark operators and is therefore a valuable new observable in global SMEFT fits.
© The Author(s) 2022
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