https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3026-9
Review
The Physics of the B Factories
1
Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
2
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
3
J. Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
4
Theoretische Physik 1, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Straße 3, D-57068, Siegen, Germany
5
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011-3160, USA
6
School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
7
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
8
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
9
INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
10
INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185, Roma, Italy
11
Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d’Orsay, F-91898, Orsay Cedex, France
12
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218, Russia
13
Physik Department, James-Franck-Straße 1, Technische Universität München, D-85748, Garching, Germany
14
Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie, RWTH Aachen, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
15
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
16
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy
17
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy
18
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
19
H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, 31-342, Poland
20
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
21
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
22
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
23
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 115, Republic of China
24
INFN, Sezione de Bari, via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, Italy
25
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
26
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
27
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
28
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
29
University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
30
University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
31
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185, Roma, Italy
32
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
33
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
34
Nara Women’s University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
35
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8583, Japan
36
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
37
Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
38
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
39
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
40
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, 60510, USA
41
KEK Theory Center, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK, 1-1, OHO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
42
Particle and Nuclear Physics Division, J-PARC Center, 201-1, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 309-11-6, Japan
43
Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
44
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
45
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
46
IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071, Valencia, Spain
47
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA
48
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252, Paris, France
49
Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
50
Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
51
Dipartmento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126, Bari, Italy
52
Departament de Física Teòrica, IFIC, Universitat de València -- CSIC, Apt. Correus 22085, E-46071, València, Spain
53
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
54
McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8,
55
University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6,
56
Institute of High Energy Physics, 1050, Vienna, Austria
57
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven, NY, 11973, USA
58
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275, USA
59
Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
60
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
61
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
62
CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
63
University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
64
Universität Rostock, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
65
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
66
Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-4060, USA
67
INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133, Milano, Italy
68
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133, Milano, Italy
69
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
70
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805, München, Germany
71
SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
72
University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
73
University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
74
University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688, USA
75
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1,
76
University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
77
INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
78
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
79
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
80
National Central University, Chung-li, 32054, Taiwan
81
INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
82
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
83
Luther College, Decorah, IA, 52101, USA
84
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
85
Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
86
Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
87
Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
88
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
89
Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
90
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
91
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
92
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
93
Kanagawa University, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
94
Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
95
University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75083, USA
96
Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, 100039, China
97
University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA
98
Tohoku Gakuin University, Tagajo, 985-8537, Japan
99
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
100
Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
101
Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
102
State University of New York, Albany, New York, 12222, USA
103
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
104
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
105
Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, D-44221, Dortmund, Germany
106
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
107
INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44100, Ferrara, Italy
108
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44100, Ferrara, Italy
109
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
110
INFN CNAF, I-40127, Bologna, Italy
111
Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7,
112
Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, 731-5193, Japan
113
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
114
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
115
Toyama National College of Maritime Technology, Toyama, 933-0293, Japan
116
Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
117
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
118
NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
119
INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146, Genova, Italy
120
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, I-16146, Genova, Italy
121
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, SatyaNagar, 751007, India
122
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
123
Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
124
Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
125
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
126
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
127
Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
128
University of Mississippi, Mississippi, 38677, USA
129
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
130
Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
131
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
132
Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
133
University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
134
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
135
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
136
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, USA
137
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
138
Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, 630092, Russia
139
University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA
140
National United University, Miao Li, 36003, Taiwan
141
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
142
INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
143
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
144
INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy
145
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy
146
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
147
University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
148
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
149
University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
150
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
151
INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
152
Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
153
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
154
Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
155
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
156
Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, 660-701, South Korea
157
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
158
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
159
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
160
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2A3,
161
Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
162
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague, The Czech Republic
163
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
164
Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, 91711, USA
165
Elon University, North Carolina, 27244-2010, USA
166
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
167
II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
168
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
169
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
170
Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
171
Institute for Single Crystals, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, 61001, Ukraine
172
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
173
National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 80201, Taiwan
174
University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
175
Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, 77446, USA
176
Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
177
Shinshu University, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
178
Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
179
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
180
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
181
Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
182
Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
183
Aomori University, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
184
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
185
Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
186
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
187
Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
188
T. Kościuszko Cracow University of Technology, Krakow, 31-342, Poland
189
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
190
Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Elettronica and INFN, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
191
University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
192
Chuo University, Tokyo, 192-0393, Japan
193
Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
194
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
195
Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, 01075, USA
196
Toho University, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan
197
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA
198
Technion, Haifa, Israel
199
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
200
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
201
Ikerbasque, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
202
Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
203
Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100864, PR China
204
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, 600113, India
205
University of Nova Gorica, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
206
University of Frankfurt, 60318, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
207
Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
208
Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
209
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, 851-0123, Japan
210
Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
211
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
212
Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Aichi, 470-0131, Japan
213
Nippon Dental University, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
* e-mail: mannel@physik.uni-siegen.de
Received:
29
July
2014
Accepted:
29
July
2014
Published online:
19
November
2014
This article has no abstract.
© SIF and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014
